超长寿命小型自然循环铅铋快堆堆芯概念设计研究

以提高铅铋快堆的经济性与固有安全性为目标，开展100 MWt超长寿命小型自然循环铅铋快堆SPALLER-100概念设计，在选用PuN-ThN燃料和²⁰⁸Pb-Bi冷却剂的基础上，提出了一种添加固体慢化剂BeO的燃料组件设计方案，开展了堆芯布置研究和控制棒系统设计，分析了堆芯物理特性与稳态自然循环特性。结果表明：在低燃料装载量和小堆芯体积条件下，SPALLER-100堆芯换料周期达32 a，平均卸料燃耗高达210.38 MW·d/kg(HM)，整个寿期内的反应性系数均为负值。稳态运行工况下燃料包壳、芯块最大温度均小于安全限值，反应堆具备一回路自然循环能力和一定流量自动分配能力。     

义能煤矿岩巷快速施工设备及配套工艺研究

义能煤矿一直采用风锤打眼爆破、耙装机装岩、矿车排矸的方式进行岩石巷道掘进。岩石巷道掘进机械化水平较低、工人劳动强度比较大、掘进速度缓慢。为了突破岩石巷道快速掘进的瓶颈,配备岩巷凿岩、装岩、排矸机械化作业是岩巷快速掘进的先决条件,优化爆破参数及爆破方案是关键,完善支护参数是基础,科学合理的施工组织是实现快速掘进的前提。     

A comprehensive thermal analysis for the fast discharging process of a Li-ion battery module with liquid cooling

Appropriate temperature range and distribution is necessary for Li-ion battery module, especially in real application of electric vehicles and other energy storage devices. In this study, a comprehensive design of liquid cooling–based thermal management system for a Li-ion battery module's fast discharging process is investigated, and thermal analysis and numerical computation are conducted. The effects of different flow directions, different shapes of the liquid channels, different widths of channels, different thicknesses of cold plate, and the comparison between uniform and nonuniform channels' distribution are analyzed. Simulation results indicate that the liquid cooling system provides acceptable cooling performance in preventing heat runaway of the battery module under 5C discharging current rate. A five-channel cooling plate can reduce the maximum temperature with appropriate design. Additionally, specific flow direction mini-channels, different shapes of the liquid-channels, and nonuniform channels are designed to compare the maximum temperature and uniformity of temperature distribution in the module. Maximum temperature can be improved through the increase of channel width and thickness of the cooling plate. The original design is proved to be the best design considering the maximum temperature, maximum temperature deviation, and final temperature standard deviation of the fast discharging process.     

Sub-channel-based multiscale thermal-hydraulic analysis of a medium-power,lead-cooled fast reactor

The lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR) offers enhanced safety and reliability with the fine properties of liquid lead and lead alloy. To study accurately the thermal characteristics of fast reactors, the multiscale thermal-hydraulic coupling simulation is an effective way. Multiscale coupling based on the sub-channel code has evident advantages on the analysis of fuel assemblies. In this study, a multiscale thermal-hydraulic analysis of a forced-circulation, medium-power LFR under steady-state and transient conditions is performed with the system code ATHLET and sub-channel code KMC-SUBtraC which was developed based on the previous version by modifying the pressure drop correlations and adding the assembly-level calculation. The codes are one-way-coupled, with good efficiency and precision. Transient verification of the sub-channel code is conducted with the CFD code. In the steady-state analysis of M²LFR-1000, mass flow and temperature distributions of the assemblies, sub-channels, and fuel rods in the hottest assembly are analyzed and the safety performance is investigated. In the transient analysis, two typical DECs (unprotected overpower transient and ULOF+ULOHS) are simulated and the multiscale thermal-hydraulic characteristics are analyzed. With the negative reactivity feedback, the variations of the temperatures of the coolant and fuel rods are within the safe limits, which shows the inherent safety of the reactor. And the results indicate that the loss of primary flow could increase the risk of cladding corrosion.     

陈四楼煤矿岩巷综合机械化掘进探索

为提高岩巷单进水平，减轻职工劳动强度，在“多上设备少上人”的理念指导下，陈四楼煤矿一直在探索着岩巷快速掘进技术，先后在不同地点、不同条件下实践了6条不同设备配套形式的岩巷作业线，通过对不同岩巷作业线优缺点的对比，在探索中不断改进，使得在不同条件下的岩巷作业线形式逐渐清晰、成熟，最终总结出了适合陈四楼煤矿较为成熟的岩巷作业线，车场、联络巷等较短或拐弯较多的巷道采用耙装机+胶带输送机+采区矸石仓岩巷作业线形式，主要大巷采用液压钻车+挖掘装载机+胶带输送机+采区矸石仓岩巷作业线，与传统的人工打眼、耙矸机+矿车出矸系统比较，采用岩巷作业线平均单进水平由传统工艺的60 m/月提高到90 m/月，施工人员由12人减少到8人，极大地提升了岩巷单进水平、提高工效，降低工人劳动强度。     

铅基快堆关键热工水力问题研究综述

铅基快堆是一种极具发展潜力的第4代核能系统，在燃料增殖和嬗变方面具有独特优势，具有良好的非能动安全特性和经济性，且有利于实现小型化，是目前国际核能领域研究的热点。本文总结了国内外主要铅基堆型，指出了小型化是铅基快堆的发展方向，同时也指出了当前铅基快堆发展所面临的主要问题。针对热工水力关键问题的5个方面，即液态铅/铅铋流动换热特性研究、堆芯/组件热工水力分析、铅池内流动换热现象研究、系统热工水力安全分析以及特殊现象的热工水力分析，对国内外研究现状展开了分析，总结了当前研究成果，并分析了研究的发展趋势以及遇到的技术瓶颈。本文可为铅基快堆的设计和热工水力分析提供一定的建议和指导。     

Fast Chemo‐Responsive Shape Memory of Stretchable Polymer Nanocomposite Aerogels Fabricated by One‐Step Method

A new type of stretchable poly(caprolactone)/graphene oxide (PCL/GO) aerogel with fast chemo‐responsive shape memory effect is fabricated by one‐step method of a sol‐gel procedure. The PCL/GO aerogels show uniformly circular and interconnected pores formed by twisted PCL nanolayers. GO platelets improve the crystallinity of PCL and increase the fracture stress and strain by 150% and 300% respectively, although the GO loading is only 0.5%. The dramatic increment of break strain is attributed to the uniform and circular pores that can afford large deformation and the interaction of GO and PCL. The aerogels can be programmed by external stress at ambient temperature without heating and recover upon ethyl acetate (EA) in 1 s. The fast chemo‐responsive shape recovery is ascribed to the fast wrinkle of the PCL nanolayers that decrease the diffusion time greatly and the interconnected micrometer pores that are in favor of penetrating for EA molecules.     

赤泥对玉米秸秆催化热解生物油的影响规律研究

将经过不同温度煅烧的赤泥与玉米秸秆按照一定质量比混合，在500℃下进行催化热解实验，研究赤泥对玉米秸秆生物油组成的影响规律。经TG-DTG和XRD分析发现：600℃煅烧后赤泥（RM600）中含水矿物失水，1 000℃煅烧后赤泥（RM1000）中碳酸盐类化合物分解完全，并且发生了烧结反应。对生物油进行GC/MS分析发现：经过干燥的赤泥（RM）和600℃煅烧的赤泥对羧酸酮基化反应具有明显促进作用，酸类的量降低，酮类的量相应增加，同时对呋喃类的生成也有促进作用。其中，干燥赤泥降酸作用更明显，玉米秸秆与赤泥质量比1：5时，生物油中酸类的量由未添加赤泥时的23.85%降至0.90%。此外，2种赤泥对糖类和醛类都有抑制作用，而1 000℃煅烧的赤泥发生烧结反应，催化作用大幅降低，对生物油组分影响较小。     

Numerical study on the loss of fast ions produced by minority ion cyclotron resonance heating in EAST

The classical prompt loss of fast ions produced by minority ion cyclotron resonance heating(ICRH)is studied by a guiding center orbit following code in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak(EAST).It is found that the loss of fast ions produced by ICRH mainly appears in both ends of the resonance layer,while the loss of fast ions in the middle resonance layer is very small.The dominant fast loss comes from trapped ions,rather than from passing ions.Controlling the location of resonance layer at the plasma core may be more beneficial to the EAST tokamak ICRH.In addition,the loss distribution of fast ions is studied.The results show that the fast ions are mainly lost near the midplane in the poloidal direction,but almost uniformly in the toroidal direction.Moreover,we investigate the dependence of fast ion loss on the ICRH power.The simulation results show that the loss fraction of fast ions in both ends of the resonance region increases with the ion cyclotron range of frequencies(ICRF)power,but barely affects the loss of fast ions in the middle region.     

一种低载噪比突发扩频信号的快速捕获方法实现

针对突发扩频信号用户资源扩大、终端功率降低、系统容量提升等需求,提出了一种低载噪比突发扩频信号的快速捕获硬件实现方法。采用分段匹配滤波器加多普勒并行相干积累的方法,基于硬件实现从算法到工程进行全流程优化设计,最终实现最优的捕获性能。应用结果表明,该硬件设计实现方案的快速捕获性能优越,设计方案正确、可行,已成功应用于工程建设中。